Learning Made Easy

What is Telelocator Alphanumeric Protocol (TAP)
What is a Walkie-Talkie?
What is a Transmitter?
What is a Pager?

Monday, 23 November 2015

What is Base Transceiver Station

A Base Transceiver Station (BTS) (also referred to as the radio base station (RBS), node B (in 3G Networks) or, simply, the base station (BS)) is a (part of) equipment that facilitates wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and a network. UEs can be devices like mobile phones, computers with wireless Internet connectivity etc. The network can be one of the wireless communication technologies like WiMAX, CDMA, wireless local loop, Wi-Fi, or other wide area network (WAN) technology.

BTS can contain an equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications, spectrum filtering tools (band pass filters), etc. antennas may also be considered as components of BTS in general sense as they facilitate the functioning of BTS.

The term BTS is generally associated with mobile communication technologies like GSM and CDMA. In this context, a BTS forms part of the base station subsystem (BSS) developments for system management. BTS can several different frequencies and different sectors of the cell (in the case of sectorised base stations).

What is a Walkie-Talkie?
What is a Transmitter?
What is a Pager?

What is Telelocator Alphanumeric Protocol (TAP)

Telelocator Alphanumeric Protocol (TAP) initially known as Motorola Page Entry (PET) is used for sending short messages via a land-line modem to a provider of pager and/or SMS services, for onward transmission to pagers and mobile phones. TAP defines an industry standard for sending alphanumeric messages to pagers.

TAP was also known as IXO protocol. Initially, devices like IXO Device were used to send Alphanumeric Pages using TAP. Later, Motorola would create a similar device called the AlphaMate.

Telelocator Alphanumeric Protocol (TAP) was adopted in September 1988, by the Personal Communication Industry Association.

Sunday, 22 November 2015

What is a Transmitter?

Transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves (with the help of an antenna). The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When stimulated by this current, the antenna radiates radio waves. Transmitters are necessary parts of many electronic devices that communicate by radio, such as cell Bluetooth enabled devices, phones, wireless computer networks, two-way radios in aircraft, garage door openers, two-way radios in aircraft, ships, spacecraft, radar sets and navigational beacons. Generators of radio waves for heating or industrial purposes are not usually called transmitters even though they often have similar circuits.The term transmitter is limited to equipment that generates radio waves for communication purposes; or radiolocation, such as radar and navigational transmitters.

What is a Pager?

What is a Transmitter?
What is a Pager?

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

What is a Walkie-Talkie?

A walkie-talkie is a hand-held, portable, two-way radio transceiver. Its characteristics include.

Half-duplex Channel, which means that only one radio transmits at a time, though any number can listen. and

A "push-to-talk" (PTT) Switch, that starts transmission.

Hand-held transceivers may be used to communicate between each other, or to vehicle-mounted or base stations. Walkie-Talkies typically resemble a handset, slightly larger in size, with an antenna on the top of the unit. A walkie-talkie's speaker can be heard by the user and those in the user's close vicinity.

Walkie-Talkies are formally known as a handheld transceiver, or HT

"Its development has been credited to Donald L Hings, radio engineer Alfred J. Gross, and engineering teams at Motorola during the Second World War."

What is a Pager

A pager is a (wireless) telecommunication device that receives and then displays/announces numeric /voice messages.

Pagers Can be of following types

One Way Pagers,
Response Pagers and
Two Way Pagers

One-way pagers can only receive messages. However Response pagers and two-way pagers can also acknowledge, reply to, and originate messages using an internal transmitter.

Pagers function as part of a "paging system" which includes one or more fixed transmitters or one or more base stations, as well as a number of pagers carried by mobile users. These systems can range from a restaurant system with a single low-power transmitter, to a nationwide system with thousands of high-power base stations. Pagers are also known as beepers.

Ambient Media

Ubiquitous Computing

Friday, 20 November 2015

Virtual Memory

Modern operating systems provide a feature of temporarily transferring data pages from RAM (in

times of shortage) to Hard Disk so that the system functioning is not hampered, this feature is called Virtual Memory. "Memory Management Unit" or MMU is the address translation hardware in the CPU which automatically performs the task of translations (from virtual memory to physical memory). Virtual Memory is an integral part of modern computer architecture.

Putting it in the laymen language when the applications running on RAM need more space than available, to run smoothly, our Smart Operating System creates a temporary fragment in hard disk which it dedicates to be used as RAM i.e., part of the free space on hard disk is temporarily translated into RAM.

Benefits of Virtual Memory:

Increased security.
Using more memory than physically available.

What Is Android?

Ambient Media

Portable Document Format (pdf)

Evolved from Adobe Systems' co-founder John Warnock's "Camelot" Portable Document Format

(pdf) is actually is file format that is used to present document in an independent manner, which means the presentation does not change with respect to change in application software, hardware, and operating systems. Developed in the early 1990s PDF was used as a way to share documents, including text formatting and inline images.A PDF file enfolds within complete details of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics and other presentation requirements.

Read More:

Modem

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Ctrl-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Thursday, 19 November 2015

Mobile Code

A Software that is transferred between systems and executed on local systems without the need for

explicit installation by the recipient. Entry points for installation and execution may include e-mail attachments or HTML email body. Simply the recipient is unaware of the downloading and installation process going on.
Examples:

Scripts
applets
ActiveX Controls
Flash animations
Shockwave movies etc

Ambient Media

Google Glass

Wearable Computers

Haptic Technology

The roots of word Haptic, can be traced from the Greek: haptikos, which means "pertaining to the sense of touch".

Haptic Technology also called as kinesthetic (communication) technology recreates the sense of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user. Haptic devices usually incorporate tactile sensors that measure forces exerted by the user on the interface. The stimulation created by Haptics can be used in making of virtual things in a computer simulation, to control such virtual things and to enhance the remote control of machines and devices. The term "haptic" is usually associated with active touch to communicate or recognize objects.

By the creation of haptic virtual objects, Haptic technology has made it possible to investigate how the human sense of touch works.

Read More:
Ubiquitous Computing
Google Glass
Wearable Computers

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Ctrl-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

What is Android?

Android is a Mobile Operating System (currently) developed by Google. It was originally developed

by Android, .Inc., Google bought it in 2005. Android is second most commonly used Mobile OS in the United States, after iOS which is first most commonly used Mobile OS. Android is primarily designed for touchscreen mobile devices.Based on direct manipulation, Android's user interface, uses touch gestures that are copied from real-world actions, such as tapping, swiping and pinching, to manipulate on-screen objects, it also provides users with a virtual keyboard for text input.

Android is written in C, C++, and Java. It is available in 70 languages.

Wearable Computers

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

Ambient Media

The word ambient means: "relating to the immediate surroundings of something". Thus ambient media are our (immediate) surroundings that are used by a communicator to communicate.

Such as Ambient Media Advertisements.

Examples:

Projecting huge images on the sides of buildings.
Slogans on gas balloons.
Messages on hanging straps in railway carriages.
Messages on handles of supermarket trolleys.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Ctrl-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Wednesday, 18 November 2015

Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp)

Ubiquitous Computing also called Ubicomp (a concept in computer science) can occur using any
device at any location and in any format. A user interacts with the computer (which can be in many different forms like laptops, computers, glasses, watches, refrigerators, terminals etc) constantly. Simply the computing is made to appear anywhere and everywhere.
Ubiquitous Computing employs internet, middleware, operating system, mobile code, sensors and other technologies to support and operate the system.

Putting it together, Ubiquitous Computing aims to provide small, inexpensive and robust network processing devices.

Read More:
Google Glass
Wearable Computers

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

Tuesday, 17 November 2015

Google Glass

Google Glass is a product of Google. It is an Optical Head Mounted Display device which displays information in hands free format. Google Glass can be grouped under Ubiquitous Computing or Wearable Computers. Users wear the Google Glass (like any other common Eyeglass) and communicate (provide input) with internet via voice commands.

Google Glass was sold as a prototype to qualified glass explorers in United States in April 2013 for around $1500 and was made public on 15-05-2014, but the production of Google Glass was stopped in Jan 2015 (development is still in progress).

Google Glass resembled standard eyeglass with lens replaced by head-up display.

Wearable Computers

Wearable Computers are electronic devices that are worn by the user. They are also called as body-

borne computers or wearables. There is a constant interaction between user and the device. They can also be defined as the computers that can easily be carried on the body. However academic definition defines it as a system that can perform a set of functions without being constrained by the physical hardware of the system.

Wearable Computers range from providing specific features such as pedometer capabilities to general smart functions and features.

Examples: Google Glass, Smart Watches etc.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

Personal Area Network (PAN)

A personal area network (PAN) is a network that is used to transmit dat among devices like

mobilephones, computers, and personal digital assistants. PANs can also be used to communicate among different devices (intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink).

PAN as the name suggests is used for personal used and can be wired or wireless.

Wired PAN uses Data cable to tansmit data, whereas Wireless PAN uses wireless technologies (like INSTEON, Bluetooth, IrDA, Wireless USB, Body Area Network) with range typically from few centimeters to a few meters.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Ctrl-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers and other devices and extends over a large geographical distance. Often established with leased telecommunication circuits WAN is the largest of networks. A typical Example will be of Internet which is a Wide Area Network. WAN connects a number of Local Area Networks throughout the world.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)

Monday, 16 November 2015

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a computer network larger than a Local Area Network. It
covers an area of few blocks of a city or the whole locality. MAN creates links between different LANs using either microwave, radio or infra-red laser transmission. It can also be defined as a network that interconnects computer resources in a geographic area or region which is larger than LAN but smaller than a Wide Area Network.
A typical example can be a Cable TV System.

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)
Airtel Free 3g Trick (personally tested) Oct 2015
Cathode Ray Tubes

Alt-Key Based Keyboard Shortcuts-Shortcut Keys (Windows 7)
Airtel Free 3g Trick (personally tested) Oct 2015
Cathode Ray Tubes

Local Area Network

A computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area is called Local Area Network
(LAN). Most commonly twisted pair cabling and Wi-Fi transmission technologies are used in LAN. Local Area Networks consists of one or more switches which can be connected to router for internet access. LANs can maintain connections with other LANs using leased lines or the internet.
Common places where LAN is used are Office Building, Residence, Manufacturing Plant, Classrooms e.t.c. All the devices to be connected are within a limited area. LANs have very high speed (ranging between 10Mbps; 100Mbps; or even 1000Mbps also) due to proximity of computer and network devices.